Rizzello & Kertész

The photographer that I chose to spotlight is a little known photographer.  Her keen eye for a good photograph makes it hard to believe that photography is simply a hobby. I am proud to call this photographer one of my best friends.  Her name is Carmela Rizzello. Carmela and I met in 2005.  We both worked for the same company and were on the same team.  As we chatted and got to know each other, we realized that we both had a lot in common. 

Taking this course has enabled me to be exposed to a number of different photos by a number of different photographers.  As I viewed the photos of all of these photographers,  I realized that Carmela’s style of photography is similar to quite a few photographers whose work has been studied this semester.  The main comparison that stuck out to me was the similarities between Rizzello’s photos and those of André Kertész.  I will now explore some of the photographs taken by Rizzello and some of the photos taken by Kertész.

This photo was taken by Rizzello during a recent trip to Paris.  This photo is completely organic and the subjects are not people that Rizzello actually knows.  To me, this photo depicts two people who are in Paris, at one of the most popular and romantic spots in the city, sharing an intimate moment that Rizzello was able to discreetly capture.

Carmela Rizzello
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pretentious/4746211625/

Much like Kertész, Rizzello believes that some of the most beautiful photos are those that are unexpected and unstaged, much like this one.  Kertész’s photo also depicts two people who are in love.  They are also sharing an intimate, organic moment which, coincidentally is also in Paris at the Eifel tower.

André Kertész
http://www.kensjournal.com/book-reviews/paris-mon-amour-book-review/

Rizzello also enjoys taking surprise pictures of people from behind.  Before Rizzello moved from Toronto to The Netherlands, I had asked her if she would be so kind as to photograph a Sickle Cell Walk-A-Thon that was being hosted by Toronto Police’s 13 Division, the division that my father is stationed out of.  She was kind enough to agree and not charge a dime as it was her first real event shoot.  While it did rain the day of the Walk-A-Thon, I came equipped with my umbrella.  Days later when Rizzelo posted some of the photos online for everyone to see, I smiled when I saw this photo of me, leaning on the pole of a tent that I was under, shielding myself from the rain until the Walk-A-Thon started.  I had no idea that she had taken the photo until I had seen it online.



Carmela Rizzello
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pretentious/3645164414/

The photo by Kertész also depicts a group of people from behind.  It depicts a group who perhaps did not even know that the photo had been taken, and perhaps never found out.  It depicts people who appear to be admiring a piece of art that is sitting on the floor on the side of the road.  To me, this photo is art within art, as it is a beautiful, artistic photo of people who are also admiring a piece of art.


André Kertész
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/photography/5886226/Andre-Kertesz-at-the-Photographers-Gallery-review.html


I find it interesting how sometimes, an inanimate object that one usually does not think twice about, can be so interesting.  Rizzello’s photo is simply 3 bottles of nail polish sitting on a table.  There is nothing particularly mind blowing about this photo.  The photo by Kertész is simply a photo of a fork that is on a plate.  Nothing particularly interesting about this photo either…or is there?  The so-called “lack of interest” is, to me, what actually makes the photo interesting.  I like the way the bottles of nail polish are producing an almost shadowy mirror image on the table that they sit on.  I also like the way the fork and the plate produce such a pronounced shadow in Kertész’s photo.  While this may look simple, it actually does take skill and a good eye to produce an image that can take advantage of angles and light in order to produce such a beautifully simplistic photograph.



Carmela Rizzello
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pretentious/4191083191/





André Kertész
http://mlanglang.wordpress.com/2010/01/26/29/



Photographing children is another thing Rizzello liked to do. Their innocence and honesty always attracted her.  Rizzello’s photo was taken at a retirement party for my father’s partner.  He had been retired for a few months and my father had decided to invite as many people as he could to come out and celebrate his partner’s contribution to the police force and to the community.  While there, the retired officer was presented with a certificate of appreciation.  Upon returning to his seat after accepting the certificate, the retired officer’s granddaughters, full of intrigue, took the certificate and studied it intently.  Rizzello, who was discreetly capturing all of the beautifully unexpected moments of the retirement party that night, managed to capture this photo as the girls looked at the certificate. 



Carmela Rizzello
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pretentious/3580078805/

 Kertész’s photo also depicts a child, full of innocence.  This photo is of a child holding a small puppy.  The way in which this child is holding the puppy almost looks like he is happy to show off his small puppy, or “prize”, but he is also guarding it and protecting it from anything that may potentially cause the puppy harm.  The way in which Rizzello’s photo shows children studying an award is similar to the way Kertész’s photo shows a child displaying his.



André Kertész
http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-INT/skylife/2006/december/cityscope/what-andre-kertesz-saw-and-felt.aspx

Rizzello also enjoys taking portraits and has taken many of me.  She also enjoys experimenting with her portraits and doing things that seem out of the ordinary and perhaps even help redefine what beauty is supposed to look like.  This is evident in the photo she took of me over a year ago when my normally camouflaged fistula in my arm was the pictures main focus.  In this photo, Rizzello had asked two of her friends if they would be the subjects of her photos. They agreed.  Rizzello’s idea was to have her friends wear heavy, black eye makeup.  After applying the makeup, they were both instructed to completely cover/slather their faces with a thick layer of Vaseline.  The outcome was like nothing I had ever seen before.  It was beautiful…but beautiful in a different way.  It simply wasn’t the usual definition of what we are all used to when it comes to “typical beauty.  The Vaseline on the ladies' faces almost gave them a mannequin-like look.

 



Carmela Rizzello
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pretentious/4218370398/



Kertész’s photo is a photo of a Hungarian dancer in 1926.  Had anyone else been invited to take this picture, I don’t believe that they would have had the dancer pose in such a way.  The disjointed way in which the dancer is lying down in the chair shows the beauty of her body in a way that would definitely not be considered a typical display of beauty.  I feel that the way that she is posing beautifully displays the dancer’s body.  It is an amazing photograph that, again, is an out of the ordinary way to display the beauty of another.



André Kertész
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/Hungarian_Rhapsody.html





Sources:

http://mlanglang.wordpress.com/2010/01/26/29/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/pretentious/3580078805/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/pretentious/3645164414/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/pretentious/4191083191/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/pretentious/4218370398/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/pretentious/4746211625/

http://www.kensjournal.com/book-reviews/paris-mon-amour-book-review/

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/photography/5886226/Andre-Kertesz-at-the-Photographers-Gallery-review.html

http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-INT/skylife/2006/december/cityscope/what-andre-kertesz-saw-and-felt.aspx

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/Hungarian_Rhapsody.html

Kertesz and Cartier-Bresson versus Smith and Salgado

One of the main differences between Kertesz and Cartier-Vresson versus Smith and Salgado would have to be their overall style.

Kertesz and Cartier-Bresson believed strongly in capturing a photo in its raw state. By this I mean that it was their intention to remain "invisible" when they take their photos.  By doing this, their photos strike me as being very organic; genuine; uncontrived. Capturing photos in this way shows the subject or subjects of the photo in its natural form without any outside interference and/or influence.

Photo taken by Kertesz
http://www.photographyblog.com/news/andre_kertesz_on_reading/

Photo taken by Cartier-Bresson
http://apphotnum.free.fr/N2BE43.html

Conversely, Smith and Salgado had a different philosphy.  They did not believe in the need to be "invisible".  They made themselves visible.  The subject of their photos were staged in order to achieve a particular photo.  A lot of time was also spent in post production of their photos.

Photo taken by Smith
http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5123180

Photo taken by Salgado
http://islacocotero.blogsome.com/2008/05/

While the philosophies of these photographers were different, ultimately the final result for all four photographers was a thought provoking, timeless photograph.

Alterations in Photojournalistic Photography

Photojournalists are held within the same standards as other journalists.  These standards include the idea of objectivity, ethics, etc.  Journalists write non-fiction and photojournalists shoot photos that are supposed to be non-fiction.  The general public expects and relies on this notion.

The implications of the increasing alteration of journalistic photography are real.  The sophistication with which photos are altered is mind blowing.  It is important to note that when it comes to journalistic photography, the journalist takes the photo and then delivers it to whichever news organization he/she is affiliated with.  Once that photo is passed on to the news organization, it is taken over by the sub-editor or photo-editor.  Once that happens, what happens to the photos are how it is manipulated is usually out of the hands of the photographer.  As more and more photos, whether press photos or otherwise, are altered and published the line between what is “real” and what is “fake” becomes blurred.

With digital photography being the norm, editing software like Photoshop make editing photos extremely easy and accessible.  Photo manipulation, however, is not something new.  Back in history, photo manipulation was achieved by using a number of tools and techniques, including scratching Polaroid photos and airbrushing. 



Historic Photo Manipulation Tools
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_manipulation



The first recorded case of photo manipulation occurred in the early 1860s.  A photo of President Abraham Lincoln was altered by putting his head on the body of John. C. Calhoun.



Abraham Lincoln and John Calhoun
http://click.si.edu/Story.aspx?story=178


The next photo shows an Iranian missile test.  The above photo was manipulated to make it look like there was an additional missile being fired.  The bottom photo shows what actually took place, which actually displays the fact that one of the missiles that was supposed to go off did not.  News agencies had to issue corrections when the Iranian government agency's fraud was found out.


Iranian Missile Test
http://www.stepinsidedesign.com/STEP/Article/28898/

 Another example of photomanipulation in press photography is shown below.  Two photos issued by the government had to be retracted after a photographer noticed that these two photos, which were meant to depict two U.S. soldiers that had died in the line of duty on the same day.  Staff Sgt. Darris Dawson and Sgt. Wesley R. Durbin both passed away on Sept 14 2008.  If you look closely at the photos, it is apparent that the only difference in the photos are the faces.

Altered Photos of Staff Sgt. Darris Dawson and Sgt. Wesley R. Durbin
http://thinkprogress.org/2008/09/19/doctored-army-photos/

A final example shows a photo of Condoleeza Rice that was published by USA Today.


USA Today- Condoleezza Rice
http://michellemalkin.com/2005/10/26/demonizing-condi/

 The original photo is shown below:

Yahoo! Espana - Condoleezza Rice
http://michellemalkin.com/2005/10/26/demonizing-condi/

Condoleezza's eyes in the photo published by USA Today appear strange: the whites of her eyes are much more visible than in the actual photo.  It is almost as if the USA Today photo is trying to make Rice appear villian like, or as the article describes it, "possessed". 



Unless a photo is altered for a reason that does not take away from the actual focus of the photo, I feel that photo manipulation in press photography is wrong.  If a photo is altered to perhaps remove a blemish, reduce the redness in someone's eyes, etc., I am okay with that.  But when a photojournalistic photo is manipulated with the intent to manipulate the viewer of the photo and to take away from the fundamental point of the photo, I feel that something very unethical has taken place. As mentioned by the Times, photos that are taken for photojournalistic purposes and are meant to depict reality should be genuine in everyway.


Sources:

http://click.si.edu/Story.aspx?story=178
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalism
http://michellemalkin.com/2005/10/26/demonizing-condi/
Photojournalism in the Age of Scrutiny by Kenneth Irby (Poynter Online)
phototruth or photofiction?: ethics in media imagery in the digital age. By Tom Wheeler
http://thinkprogress.org/2008/09/19/doctored-army-photos/

http://www.stepinsidedesign.com/STEP/Article/28898/

Press Photography vs. Art Photography- Victory and Defeat

While art photography and press photography both share a similarity in that they are meant to convey a message, they both convey messages for different reasons and in different ways.  They both capture moments, thoughts or ideas, but both mean different things.

Photographers who take art photographs are creating images that are meant to be in line with their own creative vision (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_photography).   These photographs can be conveyed in many different ways, including shots of people, places, and things. Press photography (or journalism) uses photos to supplement a story that is being told.  It is the use of photographs in conjunction with the reporting news in media such as magazines, television shows, newspapers and the internet (http://www.photography-schools.com/photojournalismhistory.htm).   A code of ethics exists within photography/photojournalism, one of them being that the photo taken accurately represents the story that goes along with it(http://www.nppa.org/).  Press photography also has the following qualities:

è Timeliness: the images have meaning in the context of a recently published record of events (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_photography).

è Objectivity: the situation implied by the images is a fair and accurate representation of the events they depict in both context and tone (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_photography).

è Narrative: the images combine with other news elements to make facts relatable to the view or reader on a cultural level (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_photography).

The above is not always the case for art photography.  It most often is simply an expression of the photographer’s thoughts, imagination, and vision.  The following will compare and contrast the similarities and differences in press photography and art photography.  I have grouped them in what I feel is considered "victory" and "defeat".

Victory in Press Photography

The following is a photograph of track athlete Usain Bolt.  This photograph was taken by photographer Thomas Kienzle. This photograph  shows  Usain Bolt celebrating his record breaking 100m win in Beijing in 2008.  

Usain Bolt - Taken by Thomas Kienzle
http://globalvoicesonline.org/2008/08/21/jamaica-lightning-strikes-twice-at-beijing-olympics/

 Victory in Art Photography

This picture struck me immediately when I saw it.  I found this picture on the website of photographer Nigel Barker.  While this photo bore no title, description, or explanation, I think the purpose of this photo is clear.  The photo depicts a woman who has/is suffering from cancer.  She has beaten cancer, and is now pregnant with a child.  She has persevered. 




Untitled - Taken by Nigel Barker
http://www.studionb.com/

  While both of these photos, in my opinion, depict something positive, or "victorious", they both have very different purposes.  The photo of Usain Bolt is clearly meant to depict the winner and new record holder of the 100m dash.  Usain Bolt is flashy, proud, and perhaps even a tad bit cocky.  The other photo, on the other hand, depicts another type of winner.  It depicts someone who ran a different 100m dash. In fact, I'd say that the photo of the pregnant woman depicts someone who ran a marathon.  She has crossed the finish line...and is vindicated.

Defeat in Press Photography

I found the following photo on a website that awards photographers for their work.  This particular photo depicts a Georgian man mourning over his brother's lifeless body after a bombardment in Georgia.  This photo was taken in August of 2008 by Gleb Garanich.



Man in Mourning- Taken by Gleb Garanich
http://www.mirror.co.uk/2009/02/16/world-press-photo-competition-115875-21129076

 Defeat in Art Photography

The next photograph was taken by Andrzej Dragan.  I look at this photo and see a young model with a pretty face, but with a body that looks aged, frail, and quite obviously overly thin.  This young female has obviously gone through many struggles.  As a young model, she has fell victim to the idea that thin is beautiful, something that is all too common in the modeling industry.  This young model is now in therapy recovering (http://www.sweet-station.com/blog/?m=200804&paged=12 ).



Model with Anorexia - Taken by Andrzej Dragan
http://www.sweet-station.com/blog/?m=200804&paged=12

These photos are similar in that they both depict a struggle.  Both of these photos show people that are hurting, albeit for two very different reasons.  The photo of the man mourning the loss of his brother shows a man who is broken.  He has just lost his brother and is overcome with grief.  In the photo of the young model, there is hurt in her eyes.  She has perhaps lost a part of herself.  While the Georgian man will eventually move on from the loss of his brother, and the young model will hopefully get over her illness and be able to heal over time, the scars will remain for both of them.


Works Cited

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_photography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_photography

http://globalvoicesonline.org/2008/08/21/jamaica-lightning-strikes-twice-at-beijing-olympics/

http://www.mirror.co.uk/2009/02/16/world-press-photo-competition-115875-21129076

http://www.nppa.org

http://www.photography-schools.com/photojournalismhistory.htm

http://www.studionb.com/

http://www.sweet-station.com/blog/?m=200804&paged=12

Migrant Mother

The Farm Security Administration- Office of War Information Collection is essentially a collection of photos that is meant to document American life between 1935 and 1944 (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fabout.html).  At first, the project was meant to document loans made to farmers by Resettlement Administration as well as the construction of planned suburban communities (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fabout.html).  As time passed and the project expanded, the photographs began to record conditions, both urban and rural in nature, throughout the United States as well as mobilization efforts for WWII (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fabout.html).

This project had a significant impact on society because of what it captured.  The images of this project show Americans at work, at play, and at home.  It highlights rural and small-town life, and emphasizes some of the adverse affects of the Great Depresssion, the Dust Bowl, and increasing farm mechanization.  (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fahome.html). 

The “Migrant Mother” photograph is actually a series of photographs that Dorothea Lange made of Florence Owens Thompson and her children in February or March of 1936 in Nipomo, California (http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/128_migm.html).  It has essentially become an icon of the Great Depression.  Lange’s work was to document the economic and social trials among the nation’s agricultural workers.



Dorothea Lange
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lange_car.jpg

Thompson later regretted that she allowed Lange to take the photos.  While the photos became very popular, they did nothing to help Thompson out of the financial and social distress that she and her children were in (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awpnp6/migrant_mother.html).   The photograph kind of showed her as being vulnerable and helpless. Years later, Thompson’s daughter advised that her mother was actually a very strong woman and a leader, which is probably why she disliked the photo- it made her look overly vulnerable and she certainly wasn’t (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awpnp6/migrant_mother.html).



Florence Owens Thompson
http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/fsa.8b29516/



The “Migrant Mother” photographs had relevance back then, and it has relevance now.  When Lange approached and spoke to Thompson, Thompson explained her current living situation.  She explained that she was basically living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding fields, as well as birds that her children managed to kill.  She had sold the tires from her car to buy food (http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/128_migm.html).  What Thompson was going through back then isn’t too far off from what happens in society today.  How often do we walk down the street and see a homeless person asking for change?  Times have changed and we consider ourselves more advanced today than people may have been back in 1936.  But people still go through the same struggles.  People still suffer during economic downturns.  People still do whatever they physically can in order to make ends meet.  People will gladly give up their possessions just to ensure a meal.  The “Migrant Mother” photographs represent the idea that the more things change, the more they stay the same. 



Florence Owens Thompson and her children
 http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.03054/



Works Cited:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lange_car.jpg

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awpnp6/migrant_mother.html

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/fabout.html

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/128_migm.html

edited/altered images

It is no surprise that near every image you see in modern media has been altered or "touched up" in some way, shape, or form.  Today I altered and edited pictures from my own personal collection.  I specifically chose pictures that I actually love, just the way they are, but wanted to show how these pictures can be altered, emphasized, and de-emphasized in different ways.

The first set of pictures is of one of my heros- my father.  The original picture was taken by me when both my father and I went to Florida in December of 2008.  My father and I decided to go to the beach.  I am not the biggest fan of fishing, but I do love sitting and relaxing on the beach.  So, at this moment, we were both happy and relaxed.



Unedited




Edited

 The first picture is a picture I took of my father on the beach just as he threw his last catch back into the water and we were going to get ready to head back to the hotel.  I was sitting on a lawn chair and could barely see my father's face because of the strong light from the sun behind him.  He turned to look at me while resting his fishing rod on the ground and asked me if I was ready to go home.  I told him not to move as I scrambled for my camera and took this picture.

In the edited photo, I simply brightened the light from the sun in the background.  It just lights up the entire photo.  Also, in the first picture, you'll notice that my knee is showing in the bottom left corner of the picture, so I cropped my knee out so as not to take away from the majestic look of this picture. To me, this picture looks so regal.  My father looks like some sort of King in the sunset, and the fishing rod is his staff.  I just love it.



The next picture is a bit bizarre.  It was taken 3 winters ago in the evening.  A little known fact about me is that I have Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.  It is an autoimmune disease.  It affects my kidneys.  In 2004, I went into complete renal failure and have been on dialysis ever since.  In 2008, I learned how to operate a dialysis machine and therefore do dialysis myself at home.  Before that, I had to venture out at 6:30am every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday morning to go to the hospital and receive dialysis.



It can get cold in the dialysis unit, so I always carry a duffle bag with a heavy blanket in it.  Early one morning, I put on my scarf and winter jacket and was ready to head off to dialysis.  I bent down and picked up my duffle bag so I could zip it up. It was sitting on the floor near the dining table.  Little did I know-when I zipped up my duffle bag, my scarf had gotten caught in the zipper of the bag.  When I dropped the duffle bag on the ground, my neck was jerked forward by the force of the bag due to my scarf being caught in the duffle bag.  Unlucky for me- the force of my face flying forward was halted by the corner of one of the dining room chairs.  I had smacked the corner of my eye on the corner of the chair.  The result was a black eye.

Unaltered



Altered

I took a picture of my eye after I had returned home from dialysis. How odd is it to describe such a story to others?  I wore a lot of concealer until the black eye faded.  In the altered photo, I used Picasa 3 to add "warmth" to the picture.  I also added tuning, adjusted the contrast, and added a bit of shadowing to the picture to try and camoflague the black eye slightly.  In looking at the altered photo, the result was almost a more pronounced black eye.

I kind of enjoy the original picture because I've never had a black eye, and because the way I got the black eye is so odd.

The last photo might be my favourite set of photos of all.  As I mentioned previously, I am on dialysis.  In order to facilitate the dialysis, I had to have a fistula put into my left arm.  A fistula is essentially when a vein in my arm and an artery are attached surgically, causing blood to flow through more rapidly.  It also causes the vein to get bigger, therefore making it easier to insert the relatively large needles into the vein without blowing it up.  I've always been self conscious about the appearance of my fistula.  It's big, it's weird, and it's ugly.  I usually avoid wearing short sleeved shirts, even on the hottest of days.  I usually wear cardigans or long sleeved shirts.

My friend Carmela is a photographer.  While we were in the park, she encouraged me to allow her to take a picture of me-fistula and all.  Again, I was aprehensive, but then thought that the final result might just come out beautifully.  So, I agreed.



Unaltered



Altered

I ended up loving the picture Carmela took.  After having this picture taken, I didn't feel like I always needed to hide my fistula.  I knew that people might stare, or ask questions, but aside from that, what's the worst that could happen?

In my edited photo, I decided to make the fistula the focal point of the picture.  I made the entire photo black and white, except for the fistula.  The reason I did this was to show that I am no longer afraid to show my fistula or to have people see it.  It is a part of me, and it is my lifeline.  Why should I be ashamed of it?


-all photos were edited using Picasa 3.
``

http://picasa.google.com/

can art be mechanically reproduced?

When something is reproduced so many times, I feel that it definitely loses its artistic elements.  When something is created by an artist, it has uniqueness and rareness to it.  The artist that initially produced that particular piece of art put their strengths, talent, and feelings into that piece. 

Consider The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci.  A quick search on the internet shows how frequently this piece has been reproduced.

The first two representations of Leonardo da Vinci's last supper seem to be "close" to originals, but you can also see how the colour in the image is brightened.  The third image is obviously a blatent reproduction of the original:



http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/The_Last_Supper_(Leonardo)





http://www.thebricktestament.com/latest_additions/archive_2007.html

 

Once it is reproduced over and over again, those intimate feelings are lost.  At times, however, the reproducibility of art can be important.  If art was never reproduced, the people of today may not have had the chance to witness such beautiful creations, even if it was a reproduction.  No doubt, some of the unique elements of the piece will be lost in a reproduction.  However, a reproduction can still give people of today a taste of the work of talents of the past.  That said, when a piece of art is mechanically reproduced over and over again, society loses the true essence of that piece of art was meant to symbolize. 

In my opinion, photography IS art.  It is meant to express something.  It is meant to capture something.  It is meant to show the viewer of the photograph something through the eyes of the photographer.  How can one view the following photograph of model/acress Lily Cole taken by photographer Sølve Sundsbø and not consider it art?



http://www.hautfashion.com/fashion-photography/white-dreams

One of Henry Peach Robinson's most famous pieces was Fading away, created in 1858.  It was composed of five negatives which shows a girl dying from tuberculousis, and her family around her.  People were not used to this type of imagery being in a photograph; people were used to seeing such images in paintings.  Perhaps Hentry Peach Robinson was trying to break down walls and show that photographs "were allowed" to have such imagery in it as well.



http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/robinson.htm

Digitalization has made photography much more accessible to a wider range of people.  It allows one to immediately view a photograph after it has been taken as opposed to having to wait for the developing process to take place first.  It allows even the most novice user access to taking a decent photo.  Photography has continued to advance over the years and I am sure that there is much more advancement to be seen in the future where photography is concerned.



http://www.digitalcameraphotographynews.com/2009/02/see-the-world-child-digital-photography-10046/

http://www.digitalcameraphotographynews.com/2009/02/see-the-world-child-digital-photography-10046/

http://www.hautfashion.com/fashion-photography/white-dreams 

http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/The_Last_Supper_(Leonardo)

http://www.leonardo-da-vinci-biography.com/

http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm

http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/robinson.htm

http://www.thebricktestament.com/latest_additions/archive_2007.html